| Key to Art History |
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1. The revolutionary period at the end of the 18th century in Europe led to three distinct styles of art representing three dramatically different world views: Neoclassicism , Romanticism and Social Realism. 2. The Neoclassical period coincided with an extremely tumultuous time in European history: the French Revolution. Artists during this period sought to promote the republican ideals of the revolution by imitating the "classical" style of ancient republican Rome and Athenian Greece. 3. The leading proponents of the Neoclassical style were Jacques Louis David and Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. 4. Unlike David, Ingres had little to do with politics and his painting style tended more towards Mannerism than the harsh simplicity of the "classical" ideal. 5. The Romantic Movement can be seen as a rejection of the cold, scientific intellectualism of the 18th century "enlightenment." Its spirit permeated Music (Beethoven, Chopin and Wagner), Literature (Lord Byron, Shelly, etc.) and Art. For the Romantic artist, emotions were more important than the intellect. The Romantic artist preferred exotic subject matter and wild action. 6. The leading proponent of Romanticism was Eugene Delacroix. 7. Social Realism promoted socialist and utopian philosophies. 8. Jean-Fran�ois Millet created images in a form of "romantic realism" that portrayed the poor in a positive light. Perhaps his most popular work was the "Angelus." 11. The Spanish painter, Francisco Jose de Goya y Lucientes, depicted the harsh realities of life at the end of the 18th century. 14. The medium of printmaking was used by Goya and lithography was used by Daumier to distribute their pictures to a wider audience.
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Neoclassical &
Romantic Overview
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